Calcium Tungstate Microgel Enhances the Delivery and Colonization of Probiotics during Colitis via Intestinal Ecological Niche Occupancy

The effective delivery and colonization of probiotics are recommended for therapeutic interventions during colitis, the efficacy which is hampered by abnormally colonized Enterobacteriaceae at pathological sites. To improve probiotics, a calcium tungstate microgel (CTM)-based oral probiotic system proposed herein. CTM can selectively disrupt ecological niche occupied expanded colitis to facilitate colonization. In addition, calcium-binding protein, calprotectin, highly expressed in efficiently extracts from releases tungsten inhibit displacing molybdenum enzyme, without affecting delivered probiotics. Moreover, demonstrated resistance harsh environment gastrointestinal (GI) tract intestinal adhesion. synergistic reduction 45 times increase 25 times, therefore, result remarkable treatment including restoration colonic length, downregulation inflammatory response, damaged mucosal barrier, gut microbiome homeostasis.